EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF OFFICE POLITICS ON EMPLOYEE MENTAL HEALTH IN CAMEROON

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

While there are numerous elements that lead to stress in the work environment, none are as harmful as office politics. Interacting with individuals is an essential aspect of any occupation, and it is important to recognise that people are emotional beings with conflicting desires and inherent biases and fears (Sharma, 2024). Thus, politics is virtually unavoidable, even within a religious context. Regrettably, there are instances where colleagues exploit their authority to obtain preferential treatment or to belittle each other. Workplace politics can negatively impact employees' well-being and mental health. This includes engaging in irresponsible approaches to growth and promotions, as well as prioritising personal interests over team objectives in order to achieve success more rapidly (Nirupama, 2023). It is imperative for employees to prioritise their personal and professional growth. However, when they do it in a negligent manner, it adversely affects the well-being of their colleagues and the overall work environment. A notable example of this is when employees seek recognition without exerting a substantial level of effort. Seeking progress, they endeavour to present an enhanced persona and, inadvertently, belittle their colleagues. These factors lead to the spread of rumours, the use of deceitful tactics, the tendency to assign fault, and a diminished sense of confidence, all of which have a detrimental impact on the emotional well-being of colleagues and personal connections (Soji et al., 2024).

Office politics, a term with a commonly negative meaning, describes the tactics employed by people and groups to obtain personal or collective advantage within a professional setting. It includes the dynamics of power, social connections, and personal abilities that employees use to influence decision-making, progress in their careers, or maintain their positions within an organisation (Sharma, 2024). The predominant result of workplace or office politics is When employees shift their focus from their work to engaging in negative behaviours such as backbiting, leg pulling, and criticising their colleagues, both productivity and the work atmosphere are negatively impacted. When an organisation is plagued by workplace politics, employees tend to fail to meet deadlines and exhibit a considerable decrease in total productivity (Etim, 2023). When there is a prevalence of internal politics, individuals or employees sometimes find it challenging to maintain focus on their task. Instead of fostering mutual improvement, individuals begin to exhibit a heightened inclination towards damaging the reputations of their colleagues (Nirupama, 2023).

The organisation is engulfed in a pervasive environment of negativity due to continuous political struggle and internal discord. Engaging in such behaviour not only harms the workplace relationships of employees but also negatively impacts the mental well-being of individuals who choose to avoid such circumstances (Nirupama, 2023). Furthermore, these issues undermine an organization's exterior perception in society as well as its internal image. Research has demonstrated that political factors in the workplace can have a substantial influence on employees' views, leading to the creation of a hostile work environment (Mayowa et al., 2022). Even the most diligent employees may experience a lack of interest in their work, leading to potentially substantial financial losses for the organisation. Workers' productivity is hindered by a politically polarised atmosphere, as their diligent efforts are mostly ignored. 

Office politics, a concept frequently associated with negative implications, encompasses the intricate dynamics of power, relationships, and behaviours that individuals employ to obtain personal advantage or benefit their interest group within the workplace (Aba et al., 2022). When office politics becomes detrimental, it can create a work atmosphere characterised by tension, worry, and uncertainty, which can have a profound effect on the mental health and emotional well-being of employees. Mental health, as defined by the World Health Organisation (2022), refers to a condition of mental well-being that allows individuals to effectively manage the challenges of life, recognise and utilise their capabilities, perform well academically and professionally, and make meaningful contributions to their community. Health and well-being rely on an essential element that supports our capacity to make choices, establish connections, and influence our environment (WHO, 2022). Extended exposure to detrimental office politics might result in a variety of psychological health problems among employees. The perpetual requirement to maintain constant vigilance and employ strategies for self-preservation might result in mental fatigue, resulting in elevated levels of stress and anxiety (Amanam et al., 2022). Chronic stress can trigger or worsen mental health issues like depression, anxiety disorders, and stress-related illnesses. Research in the field of science and workplace studies has continuously shown a strong connection between unpleasant office settings and increased levels of psychological distress among employees (Park, 2019).

The stress resulting from dealing with intricate office dynamics frequently presents itself through symptoms such as sleeplessness, impaired focus, decreased drive, and an overwhelming feeling of apprehension towards work (Nirupama, 2023). These symptoms have a negative impact on both work performance and personal lives, causing problems in relationships and general life satisfaction (Sharma, 2024). In the specific context of Cameroon, where the balance between work and personal life is sometimes severely tilted towards work as a result of cultural and economic constraints, the consequences of this stress are particularly noticeable. The ramifications of workplace politics go beyond personal encounters, affecting wider dimensions of organisational well-being and workforce efficiency. In Cameroon, the influence of hierarchical systems and cultural variations on workplace dynamics is particularly significant. Instances of favouritism, gossip, and power struggles are frequently observed, resulting in a work atmosphere that may seem unjust and exclusive. These circumstances frequently lead to heightened levels of stress, reduced job satisfaction, and ultimately, a decrease in overall productivity (Nboni et al., 2023). The continuous effort required to navigate these challenging circumstances on a daily basis can result in burnout, disengagement, and various other mental health difficulties. This study aims to assess the influence of workplace politics on the mental well-being of employees in Cameroon.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Politics is omnipresent and manifests itself in various forms. The office is not an exception. It is strongly correlated with human behaviour and attitude. Politics in an office setting typically arises from an employee's desire to advance in their profession or to maintain job security (Sharma, 2024). Highly capable and driven individuals advance based on their merit, whereas those who are less capable and insecure sometimes rely on manipulative tactics such as engaging in office politics and spreading negative rumours in order to gain favour with their superiors and protect their employment.

The distinct combination of hierarchical frameworks, cultural subtleties, and competitive demands in Cameroonian work environments can intensify the influence of office politics on mental well-being. Employees may encounter feelings of stress and anxiety. Sharma (2024) states that consistently maneuvering in a politically sensitive atmosphere can result in persistent tension and anxiety, as employees experience the constant need to stay vigilant. Nboni et al., (2023) argue that individuals who abstain from participating in office politics, or those who are marginalized by it, may experience a sense of isolation, intensifying feelings of loneliness and adversely affecting their professional well-being. The persistent demand to uphold one's position within workplace politics can result in burnout, which is characterised by emotional fatigue, cynicism, and diminished effectiveness (Ire, 2023). Office politics, characterised by perceived injustice and frequent manoeuvring, can reduce job satisfaction, resulting in disengagement and decreased productivity (Sharma, 2024).

The psychological impact of workplace politics can have a substantial impact on an individual's level of commitment and contentment in their job. Employees who perceive themselves as marginalised, undervalued, or victimised by office politics are prone to a decrease in their emotional engagement with their work and their dedication to the organisation (Ifiok, 2023). This disengagement not only hampers productivity but also fosters a poor office ambiance, thereby perpetuating a cycle that sustains the toxic environment. Office politics and internal strife are the primary contributors to stress within any organisation. As previously mentioned, it hinders open and creative communication among the workforce, as well as making them hesitant to trust each other (Sharma, 2024). Their performance and mental well-being are affected due to the apparent increase in stress levels resulting from this.    Workplace politics can be perceived as an internal adversary that, if left unchecked, has the potential to undermine any organisation. Therefore, the necessity for this investigation arises.  

Objectives of the study

The primary objective of this study is to critically evaluate the impact of office politics on employee mental health in Cameroon. Specific objectives of this study are to:

To find out whether there is a relationship between office politics and Employee Mental Health in Cameroon.

To assess the Impact of Office Politics on mental health outcomes among employees in Cameroon

To assess the Impact of Office Politics on employee job satisfaction in Cameroon

To assess how office politics, affect employee stress levels in Cameroon

To offer recommendations for organizations to reduce the negative impact of office politics on employee mental health

1.4 Research Questions

The following research questions which are in line with the objectives of this study will be answered in this study:

Is there a significant relationship between office politics and Employee Mental Health in Cameroon?

What is the Impact of Office Politics on mental health outcomes among employees in Cameroon?

What is the Impact of Office Politics on employee job satisfaction in Cameroon?

How does Office Politics affect employee stress levels in Cameroon?

What are the recommendations for organizations to reduce the negative impact of office politics on employee mental health?

1.5 Research Hypotheses

To determine the effectiveness of this study, the following research null hypotheses will be formulated to guide the study and it will be tested at 0.05% levels of significance.:

Ho: There is no significant relationship between office politics and Employee Mental Health in Cameroon.

Ha: There is significant relationship between office politics and Employee Mental Health in Cameroon.

1.6 Significance of the study

The study of the effects of office politics on employee mental health in Cameroon is important and can be approached from various perspectives. The importance of this study resides in its capacity to better workplace conditions, promote employee psychological well-being, provide insights for organizational and policy modifications, and contribute to academic research on office dynamics and mental health within the Cameroonian setting. 

This study aims to offer a comprehensive comprehension of the functioning of office politics within organizations in Cameroon, encompassing its prevalent forms and expressions. This understanding is essential for pinpointing particular factors that impact the mental well-being of employees. The study aims to elucidate the correlation between office politics and mental health, shedding light on how political behaviors can exacerbate stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues. This comprehension can result in enhanced mental health assistance and interventions for employees.

Moreover, the discoveries will assist organizations in identifying the harmful consequences of office politics and motivating the creation of policies and procedures to cultivate a more wholesome work atmosphere. Suggested measures may encompass leadership development programs, establishment of transparent communication channels, and implementation of enhanced conflict resolution processes. The study may emphasize the necessity of ethical practices and transparency in the operations of organizations. This can result in a workplace that is characterized by greater fairness and equality, where employees are less susceptible to negative consequences arising from political actions.

Moreover, the study can provide policymakers with valuable insights into the necessity of implementing regulations or guidelines that specifically target office politics and foster mental well-being in the workplace. This has the potential to enhance the creation of more conducive work environments and improve mental health outcomes on a larger scope.

Moreover, comprehending the influence of office politics can aid in formulating training and development initiatives that aim to equip personnel with the aptitude to negotiate intricate workplace dynamics and effectively manage their mental well-being. Alleviating the adverse effects of office politics can enhance job satisfaction and mental well-being, resulting in increased employee retention rates and improved productivity. Organizations might derive advantages from a staff that is more actively involved and consistently reliable.

This research will contribute to the existing academic literature on office politics and mental health, specifically focusing on the context of Cameroon. It can provide a foundation for future research and enhance our understanding of these difficulties in diverse cultural and organizational contexts. 

1.7 Scope of the study

Broadly, this study focus is to critically evaluate the impact of office politics on employee mental health in Cameroon. Specifically, this study seeks to find out whether there is a relationship between office politics and Employee Mental Health in Cameroon, assess the Impact of Office Politics on mental health outcomes among employees in Cameroon and assess the Impact of Office Politics on employee job satisfaction in Cameroon. 

Further, this study will focus on assessing how office politics, affect employee stress levels in Cameroon and it also seeks to offer recommendations for organizations to reduce the negative impact of office politics on employee mental health.

 The study is carried out in Cameroon. 

1.8 Limitations of the study

As with any human endeavor, the researchers faced many minor constraints during the investigation. The main limitation was the lack of extensive literature on the subject, due to the limited availability of data about the assessment of the influence of office politics on the mental well-being of employees in Cameroon. Hence, a significant allocation of time and exertion was necessary to ascertain the appropriate materials, books, or information and amass data. 

Furthermore, this study is constrained by its small sample size and narrow geographical scope, focusing solely on Cameroon. Therefore, the conclusions of this study cannot be extended to other situations, thus requiring further investigation. 

Moreover, the limits faced by the researcher were primarily due to financial constraints, as they are a student without any source of income to sustain themselves. The exorbitant transportation charges at the research location posed a challenge in meeting the expenses associated with transportation fees.

Furthermore, the researcher faced a time constraint due to the need to do this research while still fulfilling the obligations of attending lectures and participating in other educational activities.

1.9 Definition of terms

Politics: Politics is activities aimed at improving someone's status or increasing power within an organization.

Office politics: Also known as office politics and organizational politics, it involves the use of power and social networking within a workplace to achieve changes that benefit individuals within it.

Organizational commitment: Organizational commitment refers to the level of engagement and dedication team members feel toward their individual jobs and the organization. It also describes the different reasons professionals remain with an employer rather than seek opportunities elsewhere.

Mental health: Mental health is a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. It is an integral component of health and well-being that underpins our individual and collective abilities to make decisions, build relationships and shape the world we live in. Mental health is a basic human right. And it is crucial to personal, community and socio-economic development.